Mechanical Properties of Multi-Layer Woven E-Glass/Epoxy in Variable Fiber-Mat Directions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51173/jt.v5i2.1176Keywords:
Multi-Layer, Woven, Fiber-Mat DirectionsAbstract
In this research, the epoxy resin was reinforced by (16 layers) of E-glass fiber woven mat (0^°/90^°) with 50% weight fraction and total thickness (3mm). Using 16 layers was due to the absence of any previous study that used this number of layers at this thickness. It is considered a modern study of this style because of the rapid development in modern engineering industries that required lightweight composite materials with high strength and small thickness, which are used in the aerospace industry aviation and other precision engineering industries. The composite material was cut into angles (0^°,5^°,15^°,30^°,45^°) by using CNC water jet culling machine. The tensile test was used to determine the strength of a material ratio to the fiber's direction and by using Vickers hardness to determine the hardness of composite and pure epoxy. The result of pure epoxy (matrix) has the lowest value in tensile strength (σ_UTS), Yong's modulus (E), 0.2% proof yield stress (σ_(0.2%)), modulus of toughness and toughness when compared with a composite material with adding 16 layers of "E-glass fibers". The direction of the fibers with (5^°) of composite has the highest strength, Young's modulus, and 0.2% proof yield stress when compared with (0^°,15^°,30^°,45^°) and pure epoxy. The improvement strength (10.8, 11.8, 9.8, 8.5, 8.3 times) at (0^°,5^°,15^°,30^°,45^°) respectively when compared with pure epoxy. The hardness of composite material improved (220%) relative to pure epoxy. The results show that the best improvement of composite material with fiber's angle (5^°) has the highest results compared with pure epoxy.
Downloads
References
A. Arifin, S. Abdullah, M. Rafiquzzaman, R. Zulkifli, and D. Wahab, "Failure characterisation in polymer matrix composite for un-notched and notched (open-hole) specimens under tension condition," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1729-1738, 2014.
S. Y. Nayak, S. S. Heckadka, R. V. Sadanand, K. Bharadwaj, H. M. Pokharna, and A. R. Sanjeev, "2D woven/3D orthogonal woven non-crimp e-glass fabric as reinforcement in epoxy composites using vacuum assisted resin infusion molding," Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 155892501701200202, 2017.
M. Sarikanat, K. Sever, Y. Seki, and I. H. Tavman, "Mechanical anisotropy in unidirectional glass fabric reinforced oligomeric siloxane modified polyester composites," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 775-781, 2012.
S. Mazumdar, Composites manufacturing: materials, product, and process engineering. CrC press, 2001.
A. Adumitroaie and E. J. Barbero, "Beyond plain weave fabrics–I. Geometrical model," Composite Structures, vol. 93, no. 5, pp. 1424-1432, 2011.
H. Ghasemnejad, A. Furquan, and P. Mason, "Charpy impact damage behaviour of single and multi-delaminated hybrid composite beam structures," Materials & Design, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 3653-3660, 2010.
N. Kistaiah, C. U. Kiran, G. R. Reddy, and M. S. Rao, "Mechanical characterization of hybrid composites: A review," Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 33, no. 14, pp. 1364-1372, 2014.
P. K. Mallick, Fiber-reinforced composites: materials, manufacturing, and design. CRC press, 2007.
F. T. Wallenberger, J. C. Watson, and H. Li, "PPG Industries, Inc," Glass Fibers, ASM Handbook, vol. 21, 2001.
M. Abd-Elwahed, A. Ibrahim, and M. Reda, "Effects of ZrO2 nanoparticle content on microstructure and wear behavior of titanium matrix composite," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 8528-8534, 2020.
T.-D. Ngo, "Introduction to composite materials," Composite and Nanocomposite Materials—From Knowledge to Industrial Applications, 2020.
M. H. Alwan, H. J. Al-Alkawi, and G. A. Aziz, "Elevated Temperature Corrosion of Mechanical Properties and Fatigue Life of 7025 Aluminum Alloy," Engineering and Technology Journal, vol. 40, no. 01, pp. 1-7, 2022.
A. Ashori, M. Ghiyasi, and A. Fallah, "Glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with surface-modified graphene oxide: enhancement of interlaminar fracture toughness and thermo-mechanical performance," Polymer Bulletin, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 259-270, 2019.
W. Liu, Q. Qiu, J. Wang, Z. Huo, H. Sun, and X. Zhao, "Preparation and properties of one epoxy system bearing fluorene moieties," Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 1289-1297, 2009.
G. Raghavendra, S. Ojha, S. Acharya, and S. Pal, "Jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites and comparison with the glass and neat epoxy composites," Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 48, no. 20, pp. 2537-2547, 2014.
Y. Fouad, M. El-Meniawi, and A. Afifi, "Erosion behaviour of epoxy based unidirectionl (GFRP) composite materials," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 29-34, 2011.
F.-H. Zhang, R.-G. Wang, X.-D. He, C. Wang, and L.-N. Ren, "Interfacial shearing strength and reinforcing mechanisms of an epoxy composite reinforced using a carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hybrid," Journal of materials science, vol. 44, no. 13, pp. 3574-3577, 2009.
H. Ku, H. Wang, N. Pattarachaiyakoop, and M. Trada, "A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 856-873, 2011.
F. Lamon, L. Maragoni, P. Carraro, and M. Quaresimin, "Fatigue damage evolution in woven composites with different architectures," International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 167, p. 107365, 2023.
Z. Mahboob, Z. Fawaz, and H. Bougherara, "Fatigue behaviour and damage mechanisms under strain controlled cycling: Comparison of Flax-epoxy and Glass-epoxy composites," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, p. 107008, 2022.
C. Liu, X. Wu, and X. Gao, "Comparisons of tension–tension fatigue behavior between the 3D orthogonal woven and biaxial warp-knitted composites," The Journal of The Textile Institute, vol. 112, no. 8, pp. 1249-1257, 2021.
B. Venkatesha, S. P. Kumar, R. Saravanan, and A. Ishak, "Tension Fatigue Behaviour of Woven Bamboo and Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 1003, no. 1: IOP Publishing, p. 012087.
J. Marín, J. Justo, A. Barroso, J. Cañas, and F. París, "On the optimal choice of fibre orientation angle in off-axis tensile test using oblique end-tabs: theoretical and experimental studies," Composites Science and Technology, vol. 178, pp. 11-25, 2019.
T. Seshaiah and V. K. Reddy, "Effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical behavior of e-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite materials," Int. J. Mech. Prod. Eng. Res. Devel.(IJMPERD), pp. 379-396, 2018.
H. J. Al-Alkawi, D. S. Al-Fattal, and A.-J. H. Ali, "Types of the fiber glass-mat on fatigue characteristic of composite materials at constant fiber volume fraction: Experimental determination," Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1-12, 2012.
M. Z. Khelifa and H. M. Al-Shukri, "Fatigue study of E-glass fiber reinforced polyester composite under fully reversed loading and spectrum loading," Eng. & Technology, vol. 26, no. 10, 2008.
B. Mahltig and Y. Kyosev, "Inorganic and composite fibers: production, properties, and applications," 2018.
M. Kawai and T. Taniguchi, "Off-axis fatigue behavior of plain weave carbon/epoxy fabric laminates at room and high temperatures and its mechanical modeling," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 243-256, 2006.
C. R. Rios-Soberanis, R. H. Cruz-Estrada, J. Rodriguez-Laviada, and E. Perez-Pacheco, "Study of mechanical behavior of textile reinforced composite materials," Dyna, vol. 79, no. 176, pp. 115-123, 2012.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Saif Aldeen Ghafel H., Nasri Salh M. Namer, Abdul Jabbar H. Ali
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
