Optimizing Power System Performance: The Significance of Placement and Sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems

Harith B. Hussien; Ahmed J. Abid; Naseer M. Yasin; Ameer L. Saleh; Hayder Jasim Habil

doi:10.51173/jt.v7i1.2325

Authors

Harith B. Hussien Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Ahmed J. Abid Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Naseer M. Yasin Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Ameer L. Saleh Department of Electric Power Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry József utca 18, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
Hayder Jasim Habil Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Qom University, Qom, Iran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51173/jt.v7i1.2325

Keywords:

BESS Placement, BESS Sizing, Voltage Profile Improvement, Loss Reduction, Battery Energy Storage System

Abstract

The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has become a key tool for improving power system performance. However, the use of BESS in a distribution grid has several problems including deciding where to position it and how much capacity should be used to maximize its benefits. The purpose of this study is to optimize the siting and sizing of BESS for enhanced voltage profile and reduced power losses across the distribution system. To do this, two meta-heuristic optimization algorithms are suggested in this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA). Two cases have been presented. The first case includes 33 buses, while the second has 85 buses. The results of both cases are successfully effective in reducing system losses and improving the voltage profiles in power systems. It is observed that losses reduce by 45.59% compared to the base case for Case 1. The value in Case 2 decreases by 40.09% compared to the base case. The voltage profiles in Case 1 show an increase, with a minimum voltage of 0.95 PU, compared to the base case where the minimum voltage was at 0.904 PU. In Case 2, the minimum voltage becomes 0.95 PU instead of 0.874 PU in the base case.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Harith B. Hussien, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq

Ahmed J. Abid, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Naseer M. Yasin, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Ameer L. Saleh, Department of Electric Power Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry József utca 18, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary

Hayder Jasim Habil, Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Qom University, Qom, Iran

References

Z. Yuan, W. Wang, H. Wang, and A. Yildizbasi, "A new methodology for optimal location and sizing of battery energy storage system in distribution networks for loss reduction," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 29, p. 101368, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101368.

R. Johnson, M. Mayfield, and S. Beck, "Optimal placement, sizing, and dispatch of multiple BES systems on UK low voltage residential networks," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 17, pp. 272-286, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.03.005.

S. Salee and P. Wirasanti, "Optimal siting and sizing of battery energy storage systems for grid-supporting in electrical distribution network," in 2018 International ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI-NCON), 2018: IEEE, pp. 100-105, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTI-NCON.2018.8378290.

C. Chen, S. Duan, T. Cai, B. Liu, and G. Hu, "Optimal allocation and economic analysis of energy storage system in microgrids," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2762-2773, 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2116808.

T. A. Abdul-jabbar, A. A. Obed, and A. J. Abid, "An Approach for an Intelligent Lithium-Ion Battery Management System with Active Balancing," in Electronic Systems and Intelligent Computing: Proceedings of ESIC 2021: Springer, 2022, pp. 751-764, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9488-2_71.

K. Bai and A. Yildizbasi, "Optimal siting and sizing of battery energy storage system for distribution loss reduction based on meta-heuristics," Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems, vol. 31, pp. 1469-1480, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-020-00616-6.

L. A. Wong, H. Shareef, A. Mohamed, and A. A. Ibrahim, "Optimal battery sizing in photovoltaic based distributed generation using enhanced opposition-based firefly algorithm for voltage rise mitigation," The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/752096.

L. Chang, W. Zhang, S. Xu, and K. Spence, "Review on distributed energy storage systems for utility applications," CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 267-276, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2017.00025.

S. B. Maddina, R. Thirunavukkarasu, and N. Karthik, "Optimization of Energy Storage Unit Size and Location in a Radial Distribution Network to Minimize Power Loss Using Firefly Algorithm," Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 25-42, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.31.3.2542.

M. Sagara, M. Furukakoi, T. Senjyu, M. S. S. Danish, and T. Funabashi, "Voltage stability improvement to power systems with energy storage systems," in 2016 17th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), 2016: IEEE, pp. 7-10, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP.2016.7783463.

H. Fedayi, M. Ahmadi, A. B. Faiq, N. Urasaki, and T. Senjyu, "BESS based voltage stability improvement enhancing the optimal control of real and reactive power compensation," AIMS Energy, vol. 10, no. 3, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022027.

M. Nick, R. Cherkaoui, and M. Paolone, "Optimal allocation of dispersed energy storage systems in active distribution networks for energy balance and grid support," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 2300-2310, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2302020.

S. Peng, L. Zhu, Z. Dou, D. Liu, R. Yang, and M. Pecht, "Method of site selection and capacity setting for battery energy storage system in distribution networks with renewable energy sources," Energies, vol. 16, no. 9, p. 3899, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093899.

T. T. Nguyen, T. T. Nguyen, and T. D. Nguyen, "Minimizing electricity cost by optimal location and power of battery energy storage system using wild geese algorithm," Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1276-1284, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i3.4779.

A. Giannitrapani, S. Paoletti, A. Vicino, and D. Zarrilli, "Optimal allocation of energy storage systems for voltage control in LV distribution networks," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 2859-2870, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2602480.

H. Zhao, Q. Wu, S. Huang, Q. Guo, H. Sun, and Y. Xue, "Optimal siting and sizing of Energy Storage System for power systems with large-scale wind power integration," in 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, 2015: IEEE, pp. 1-6, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232615.

P. Fortenbacher, A. Ulbig, and G. Andersson, "Optimal placement and sizing of distributed battery storage in low voltage grids using receding horizon control strategies," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 2383-2394, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2746261.

T. Kerdphol, R. N. Tripathi, T. Hanamoto, Y. Qudaih, and Y. Mitani, "ANN based optimized battery energy storage system size and loss analysis for distributed energy storage location in PV-microgrid," in 2015 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies-Asia (ISGT ASIA), 2015: IEEE, pp. 1-6, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-Asia.2015.7387074.

S. B. Karanki and D. Xu, "Optimal capacity and placement of battery energy storage systems for integrating renewable energy sources in distribution system," in 2016 National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), 2016: IEEE, pp. 1-6, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/NPSC.2016.7858983.

P. Lata and S. Vadhera, "Optimal placement and sizing of energy storage systems to improve the reliability of hybrid power distribution network with renewable energy sources," Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 17-31, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2020.1714147.

N. Krstić, "Reduction of Energy and Power Losses in Distribution Network Using Energy Storage Systems," in 2020 55th International Scientific Conference on Information, Communication and Energy Systems and Technologies (ICEST), 2020: IEEE, pp. 127-130, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEST49890.2020.9232913.

R. Djidimbélé, B.-P. Ngoussandou, D. K. Kidmo, M. Bajaj, and D. Raidandi, "Optimal sizing of hybrid systems for power loss reduction and voltage improvement using PSO algorithm: case study of Guissia rural grid," Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 86-95, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.06.093.

Q. H. Mirdas, N. M. Yasin, and N. K. Alshamaa, "PSO Algorithm for Three Phase Induction Motor with V/F Speed Control," in 2022 4th International Conference on Advanced Science and Engineering (ICOASE), 21-22 Sept. 2022 2022, pp. 166-171, doi: 10.1109/ICOASE56293.2022.10075610.

A. A. R. Mohamed, D. J. Morrow, R. J. Best, I. Bailie, A. Cupples, and J. Pollock, "Battery energy storage systems allocation considering distribution network congestion," in 2020 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe), 2020: IEEE, pp. 1015-1019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-Europe47291.2020.9248982.

M. C. Barla and D. Sarkar, "Optimal placement and sizing of BESS in RES integrated distribution systems," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1866-1876, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-023-02016-w.

N.-C. Yang, Y.-C. Zhang, and E. W. Adinda, "Sizing and Sitting of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Distribution Networks with Transient Stability Consideration," Mathematics, vol. 10, no. 19, p. 3420, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/math10193420.

A. Ahlawat and D. Das, "Optimal sizing and scheduling of battery energy storage system with solar and wind DG under seasonal load variations considering uncertainties," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 74, p. 109377, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.109377.

P. Boonluk, A. Siritaratiwat, P. Fuangfoo, and S. Khunkitti, "Optimal siting and sizing of battery energy storage systems for distribution network of distribution system operators," Batteries, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 56, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries6040056.

B. Bahmani-Firouzi and R. Azizipanah-Abarghooee, "Optimal sizing of battery energy storage for micro-grid operation management using a new improved bat algorithm," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 56, pp. 42-54, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.10.019.

S. Mirjalili, "Dragonfly algorithm: a new meta-heuristic optimization technique for solving single-objective, discrete, and multi-objective problems," Neural computing and applications, vol. 27, pp. 1053-1073, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-015-1920-1.

J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, "Particle swarm optimization," in Proceedings of ICNN'95-international conference on neural networks, 1995, vol. 4: IEEE, pp. 1942-1948, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968.

Y. Fukuyama and H. Yoshida, "A particle swarm optimization for reactive power and voltage control in electric power systems," in Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No. 01TH8546), 2001, vol. 1: IEEE, pp. 87-93, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/CEC.2001.934375.

B. Mahdad, T. Bouktir, and K. Srairi, "Strategy based PSO for dynamic control of UPFC to enhance power system security," Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 315-322, 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.5370/JEET.2009.4.3.315.