Liver Functions in Type 2 Diabetes Individuals after Pfizer Vaccination in Iraqi Patients

Shrooq Ali Hussein; Ahmed Abdul-Hussein Mohsin; Ahmed Ghazi Sabbar

doi:10.51173/jt.v4i3.583

Authors

Shrooq Ali Hussein College of Health & Medical Technology - Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Ahmed Abdul-Hussein Mohsin College of Health & Medical Technology - Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Ahmed Ghazi Sabbar College of Health & Medical Technology - Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51173/jt.v4i3.583

Keywords:

Pfizer, T2DM, Liver parameters, D-dimer, Platelet

Abstract

Coronavirus is a highly contagious disease, especially in diabetes mellitus type 2. It remains the main cause of death despite the availability of a vaccine. Coronavirus is transmitted via droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat. The study evaluates the biochemical parameters of liver function in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and the correlation between D-dimer level and platelet count after a second dose of the Pfizer vaccine (14–21) days after vaccination. A study was carried out in al Suwayrah hospital, which included 300 patients aged 20 to 70 years old. one hundred were excluded from this study. A physician diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (the ADA) (the American Diabetes Association, 2021) was involved in this study from December 2021 to March 2022. results showed that AST and ALT were normal, while ALP was higher in diabetics compared to controls (ALP was higher in both groups of diabetics vaccinated and non-vaccinated with Pfizer vaccine compared to controls). correlation with no significant effect on platelet count and D-dimer. The current research concludes that there is no effect of the Pfizer vaccine on a biochemical parameter of the liver.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Erener, S., Diabetes, infection risk, and COVID-19. Molecular metabolism, 2020. 39: p. 101044.

Suleman, S., Farooqui, A., Sharma, P., Malhotra, N., Yadav, N., Narang,j., Hasnain, M., Nayak, A., Borderline microscopic organism and lockdown impacted across the borders-global shakers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022. 29(6): p. 8091-8108.

Alzamora, M.C., Paredes,T.,Caceres d.,Webb,c.,Valdez,L.,Rosa,M., Severe COVID-19 during Pregnancy and Possible Vertical Transmission. Am J Perinatol, 2020. 37(8): p. 861-865.

Lim, S., Bae, J., Sang Kwon, H., Nauck, M., COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2021. 17(1): p. 11-30.

Lami, F., Rashak, A., Khaleel, H., Mahdi, S., Adnan, F., Khader, Y., Alhilfi, R., Lehlewa, A., Iraq experience in handling the COVID-19 pandemic: implications of public health challenges and lessons learned for future epidemic preparedness planning. J Public Health (Oxf), 2021. 43(Suppl 3): p. iii19-iii28.

Landstra, C.P. and E.J.P. de Koning, COVID-19 and Diabetes: Understanding the Interrelationship and Risks for a Severe Course. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2021. 12: p. 649525.

Pal, R., S.K. Bhadada, and A. Misra, COVID-19 vaccination in patients with diabetes mellitus: Current concepts, uncertainties, and challenges. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2021. 15(2): p. 505-508.

Spitzer, A., Angel, Y., Marudi, O., Association of a Third Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine With Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Workers in Israel. Jama, 2022. 327(4): p. 341-349.

Khurana, A., Allawadhi, P., Khurana, I., Allwadhi, S., Weiskirchen, R., Banothu, A., Joshi, K., Kumar, K., Role of nanotechnology behind the success of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19. Nano Today, 2021. 38: p. 101142.

Constantin, C., Pisani, A., Bardi, G., Neagu, M., Nano-carriers of COVID-19 vaccines: the main pillars of efficacy. Nanomedicine, 2021. 16(26): p. 2377-2387.

Jackson, N.A.C., Kent E. Kester, K., Casimiro, D., Gurunathan, S., DeRosa, F., The promise of mRNA vaccines: a biotech and industrial perspective. NPJ Vaccines, 2020. 5: p. 11.

Chatterjee, R., Ghosh, M., Sahoo, S., Padhi, S., Misra, N., Raina,v., Suar, M., Ok Son, Y., Next-Generation Bioinformatics Approaches and Resources for Coronavirus Vaccine Discovery and Development-A Perspective Review. Vaccines (Basel), 2021. 9(8).

Chaudhary, N., D. Weissman, and K.A. Whitehead, mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery, and clinical translation. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2021. 20(11): p. 817-838.

Fox, A., Norris,C., Amanat, F., Zolla-Pazner,S., Powell,R., The vaccine-elicited immunoglobulin profile in milk after COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccination is IgG-dominant and lacks secretory antibodies. medRxiv, 2021.

Covid-19 Vaccines, in LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. 2012, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Bethesda (MD).

Mulligan, M.J., Kirsten E. Lyke,k., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Neuzil, K., Raabe, V., Bailey, R., Swanson, K., Li, P., Koury, K., Kalina, W., Cooper, D., Fontes-Garfias, C., Shi, P., Türeci, Ö., Tompkins, K., Walsh, E., Frenck, R., Falsey, A., Dormitzer, P., Gruber, W., Şahin, U., Jansen,k., Phase I/II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults. Nature, 2020. 586(7830): p. 589-593.

Jaganjac, M., Tirosh, O., Cohen, G., Sasson, S., Reactive aldehydes--second messengers of free radicals in diabetes mellitus. Free Radic Res, 2013. 47 Suppl 1: p. 39-48.

Alam, S., Raghav, A., Reyaz, A., Ahsan, A. Kumar, A., Jain, V., Agarwal, S., Tripathi, P., Prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and its relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indian adults. Metabol Open, 2021. 12: p. 100130.

Sookoian, S. and C.J. Pirola, Liver enzymes, metabolomics, and genome-wide association studies: from systems biology to the personalized medicine. World J Gastroenterol, 2015. 21(3): p. 711-25.

Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U., Gaetano, P., Piccinocchi, G., Piccinocchi, R., Schene.E., Galati, G., Devincentis, A., Dell, C., Unto., Picardi, A., Determinants of alanine aminotransferase levels in a large population from Southern Italy: relationship between alanine aminotransferase and age. Digestive and Liver Disease, 2014. 46(10): p. 909-915.

Kim, D.W., Hwang, S., Nam, Y., Kim, D., Shin, S., Yoon, H., The combined prognostic significance of alkaline phosphatase and vascular calcification in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2020. 30(9): p. 1476-1483.

Chen, S.C.-C., Tsai, S., Jhao, J., Jiang, W., Tsao, C., Chang, L., Liver fat, hepatic enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 132,377 adults. Scientific reports, 2017. 7(1): p. 1-9.

Zhao, L., Li, L., Ren, H., Zou, Y., Zhang, R., Wang, S., Xu, H., Association between serum alkaline phosphatase and renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ren Fail, 2020. 42(1): p. 818-828.

Ferreiro, J.L., J.A. Gómez-Hospital, and D.J. Angiolillo, Platelet abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res, 2010. 7(4): p. 251-9.

Schneider, D.J., Factors contributing to increased platelet reactivity in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2009. 32(4): p. 525-7.

Demelo-Rodríguez, P., Ortega ,L.,Virto, A., Macías,M., Samaniego,N., García,A., Bravo ,I., Diez,J., Walther,A., CerverA,J., Valle,j., Incidence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated D-dimer levels. Thromb Res, 2020. 192: p. 23-26.

Pillai, R.C., Fraser, F., Ph.D., Ziegenfuss, F., Bhaskar, B., Influence of circulating levels of fibrinogen and perioperative coagulation parameters on predicting postoperative blood loss in cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study. J Card Surg, 2014. 29(2): p. 189-95.

Johnson, E.D., J.C. Schell, and G.M. Rodgers, The D-dimer assay. Am J Hematol, 2019. 94(7): p. 833-839.

Pardi, N., Hogan, M., Porter, F., Weissman, D., mRNA vaccines—a new era in vaccinology. Nature reviews Drug discovery, 2018. 17(4): p. 261-279.

Pardi, N., Muramatsu, H., Weissman, D., Karikó, K., In vitro transcription of long RNA containing modified nucleosides. Synthetic messenger RNA and cell metabolism modulation, 2013: p. 29-42.