نظام الحوافز وانعكاساته (الايجابية والسلبية) على اداء العاملين: بحث في الشركة العامة للنقل البحري – بغداد

Adnan Yasser Muhammad; Basima Hazem Muhammad

doi:10.51173/jt.v5i1.773

Authors

Adnan Yasser Muhammad Technical Institute \ Balad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Basima Hazem Muhammad Institute of Medical Technology \ Mansour, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51173/jt.v5i1.773

Keywords:

Positive Incentives, Negative Incentives, Employee Performance, The General Company for Maritime Transport

Abstract

The working individual is affected by the incentive system, which represents one of the most basic elements in improving the performance of his work, as the success of institutions depends on the human resource, which represents a vital factor in the work environment and a necessary requirement to complete the work that differs from one individual to another as a result of their different needs, motives and seriousness at work, and the main objective From this research is the statement of the impact of the system of positive or negative incentives and their important in the results of the performance of employees and the benefits achieved as a result of applying this system, whether it is for employees or the company at the same time, so the research was applied in the General Company for Maritime Transport on a simple random sample of (118) employees , using the analytical method and the data collection tool (the questionnaire) and for its statistical analysis was used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Spss-Ver-19) (reliability coefficient, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, f-test, Determining factor R²) and (Microsoft Excel), the research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a significant significant effect relationship between positive and moral incentives in the performance of the year Softness in the company has more influence than material incentives, as well as we found out that there is no influence relationship between negative incentives (material and moral) in the performance of employees, that is, the individual worker does not have any effect from the negative incentive, whether his behavior is positive by his impulse to improve his work performance or aggressive and his behavioral behavior is not One of the most important recommendations of the research is the need to change, pay attention and develop the incentive system applied in the company in a way that creates new opportunities and challenges for employees working to develop creativity and excellence away from the usual pattern of doing business.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Krejcie, Robert V., Morgan, Daryle W., 1970, “Determining Sample Size for Research Activities”, Educational and Psychological Measurement.

Al-Akash, Alaa Khalil Muhammad (2007), the incentives and rewards system and its impact on improving job performance in the ministries of the Palestinian Authority in the Gaza Strip, a master’s thesis in business administration, published, Faculty of Commerce, Islamic University.

Briki, Mohamed Amin, and Belkheir, Jamal (2016), motivation and its impact on job satisfaction, Master's thesis in Human Resources Business Administration, published, University of Abi Bakr Belkaid - Tlemcen.

E. Lucas, (2016), the Impact of Financial and Moral Incentives on Organizational Performance: A Study of Nigerian Universities, a Study of Nigerian Universities. Arabian Journal of Business and ar A Management Review, Volume 6 • Issue 5, Page 2 of 7.

] J. Cherian, (April 22, 2013), Impact of Self Efficacy on Motivation and Performance of Employees, International Journal of Business and Management; Vol. 8, No. 14, Page 80 of 88.

] Muammar, Daoud (2011), Motivating workers to raise the spirit of institutional loyalty, a Sufi company, Souk Ahras Model (LASA), a master’s thesis in Sociology, published, Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Belgi Mokhtar University - Annaba.

Awwad, Bakr and Odeh, Mahmoud (2011), the effect of incentives on workers at the Nablus Specialized Hospital, Master’s thesis in Business Administration, published, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University.

U. Gneezy, (2011), When and Why Incentives (Don’t) Work to Modify Behavior, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 25, Number 4, Pages 191–210.

R. McDonald, the impact of incentives on the behaviour and performance of primary care professionals, Report for the National Institute for Health Research Service Delivery and Organization programmer, University of Nottingham, 2010.

J. Duchoslav, (2019), do incentives matter when working for god? The impact of performance-based financing on faith-based healthcare in Uganda, journal Elsevier, Pages309–319.

L. Bazira, Factors Affecting Motivation and Retention of Primary Level Health Care Workers in Three Disparate Regions in Kenya, amref Kenya Human Resources for health Project Operations Research Report – Conducted in Machakos, Kibera and Turkana,2012.

Al-Saqa, Awn Mufid Abdullah (2013), Psychological motives and incentives and their relationship to the performance of workers in the banking sector in the Gaza Strip, Master’s thesis in Business Administration, published, The Islamic University - Gaza.

Al-Fares, Suleiman (2011), The Impact of Motivation Policies on Organizational Loyalty in Public Institutions, Damascus University Journal of Economic and Legal Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 1, Page 69-91.

Wahiba, Makdoud (2008), motivation and its role in activating people management in the organization - a case study of the National Company for Civil Engineering and Construction, a master’s thesis, published, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, University of M’hamed Bouguerra Boumerdes.

Farwana, Hazem Muhammad and Al-Deeb, Suleiman Salameh and Mrabet, Suleiman Muhammad Suleiman (2016), the impact of the role of material and moral incentives in improving the performance of workers in the Electricity Company - Gaza Governorates, Journal of Palestine Technical College - Deir al-Balah, No. 3, Page 108-136.

Bin Nasser, Ammar (2015), material incentives and their role in making organizational loyalty, a field study in the Deliba factory for plastic pipes - Heba Al Shamaliah - Qamar, Master's thesis, published, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Martyr Hama Lakhdar - El Wadi.

Abdelnour, Jamal El-Din (2016), The Role of Incentives in Achieving Organizational Loyalty in Sports Institutions, Master’s Thesis, published, Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities, Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’sila.

Al-Souqi, Alaa (2017), Factors Affecting Organizational Loyalty A Case Study of the Asia Carton Manufacturing Company, MBA Thesis, published, Syrian Virtual University

Abu Allan, Khaled Ali (2016), the impact of material and moral incentives on the performance of workers in Palestinian beverage companies, Master's thesis in Business Administration, published, College of Graduate Studies, Hebron University.

] B. Almomani, (2017), the impact of incentives on the performance of employees in public sector: Case study in Ministry of labor, European Journal of Business and Management Vol.9, No.9, Pages119–130.

Abbas, Anas Abdel-Basit and Hammadi, Suleiman Abdullah (2009), Incentives and their impact on performance - a field study, Al-Rafidain Development Journal, Vol. 31, No. 93, Page 105-123.

O. Patricia, (2013), Improved Incentive System In Teaching Profession As Strategy For Quality Dellivery And Enhanced Productivity In Contemporary Nigeria, International Journal of Education and Research Vol. 1 No. 7, Pages1–12.

Houria, Ashour (2017), the policy of incentives and improving the performance of human resources, a case study of the Directorate of Commerce in the State of M’sila, Master’s thesis, published, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Boudiaf University - M’Sila.

S. Burgess, the Role of Incentives in the Public Sector: Issues and Evidence, Article in Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2003.

Hamza, Jawadi (2002), Material and Moral Incentives and Their Impact on Morale, Master's Thesis in Work and Organization Psychology, published, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mentouri University - Constantine.

Ataya, Noha (2016), Incentives and their Relationship to Organizational Loyalty and Professional Performance, PhD thesis in Psychology, published, Faculty of Education, Damascus University.

L. Cassar, (2018), Nonmonetary Incentives and the Implications of Work as a Source of Meaning, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 32, Number 3, Pages 215–238.

N. Lacetera, Incentives for prosocial activities, University of Toronto, Canada, 2016.

Bali, Amara and Raida, Zalassi (2017), material incentives and their relationship to workers’ performance, a field study at the Customs Inspectorate in the Valley, a master’s thesis in Sociology, published, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Martyr Hama Lakhdar-Wadi.

A. S. Nwannebuife, Effect of Employee Motivation on Organizational Productivity, Award of Master’s Degree (M.Sc) In Business Administration, College Of Development Studies, Covenant University, OTA,2017.

Nassima, Galal (2018), The impact of motivation on improving the performance of employees within the organization, a case study of Algeria Telecom, a master’s thesis in strategy, published, Faculty of Economics, Commercial and Management Sciences, Abdelhamid Ben Badis University.

Abbas, Munir (2018), The Effects of Material and Moral Incentives on Workers’ Performance, A Case Study of the Syrian Private University, Damascus University Journal of Economic and Political Glory, Volume 34, No. 2, Page 2-40.

S. Gallani, Incentives, Peer Pressure, and Behavior Persistence, (May 2017), Accounting and Management, Harvard Business School Accounting and Management Unit, Morgan Hall 369, 15 Harvard Way, Boston MA 02163.

Rahmouni, Mohamed and Choueib, El Hanachi (2016), the importance of job motivation in managing the organization’s talents, a case study of a medium peace in Amoura Center, Master’s thesis in Business Administration, published, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, University of Jilali Bounaama Khamis.

Elkholy, khaled, (2015/8/4), https://specialties.bayt.com/ar/specialties/q/214781/.

El-Wafi, El-Taher (2013), Motivation and Nurses’ Performance - A Field Study in the Hospital Institution - Alia Saleh - Tebessa, Master’s Thesis in Sociology, published, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Constantine University.

Elfeki, Ibrahim, (2011), the Motivational Force, 1st Edition, Thimarat for Publishing and Distribution, Egypt.

Al-Halabi, Ghazi Hassan Odeh, (2013), The Impact of Incentives on Improving Performance of Workers in Public Sector Institutions in Jordan, Master’s Thesis in Business Administration, published, College of Business Administration, Middle East University.

H. Almahdi (2017), Moral Incentives Vehicle of Job Performance in Saudi Arabian Banks, Journal of Management Policies and Practices, Vol. 5, No. 2 Page 17-23

J. Gibbs, (2004) "Performance Measure Properties and Incentives- Institute for the Study of Labor, No. (1356), https://papers.ssrn.com.

Faisal, Samgoni Tawfiq and Faisal, Karim (2019), the incentive system and its role in improving the level of employee performance - a case study of Algeria Telecom, Al-Haqiqa Journal of Social and Human Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 3, Page 210-224.

The General Company for Iraqi Maritime Transport - Wikipedia, 2016 (wikipedia.org).

C. Dewberry, (2004),"Statistical methods for organizational research: Theory and practice", Psychology Press, Rutledge Taylor & Francis Group London and New York.

M. Saunders, (2009), “Research methods for business students” 5thed, Pearson Education Limited: Prentice Hall, https://www.scirp.org.